This does not mean that they are equal! System must be “CLOSED” in order to reach equilibrium. pH, colour, conductivity, volume/pressure, temperature Microscopically (atomic level) reactants products and products reactants Continue to form at the same rate Therefore, equilibrium is said to be “DYNAMIC” At equilibrium, the concentration of each reactant and product does not change. Proportion of reactants and products in the vessel is the same whether you start with: o Only products OR o Only reactants The macroscopic (observable level) properties of the system are constant. IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT EQUILIBRIUM (eq’m) Equilibrium can be “approached” from either direction. How an equilibrium is formed: If N2O4(g) is placed in a sealed container, it will rapidly form NO2(g) As NO2(g) is formed, the reverse reaction starts to speed up, reforming N2O4(g) Eventually, the rate of the forward reaction = the rate of the reverse reaction. EQUILIBRIUM (Nelson Chemistry 12, Section 7.1, Pg.424) Some reactions occur in only one direction Frying an egg 2 Pb(NO3)2 - 2 PbO + 4 NO2 + O2 Burning a piece of paper C6H12O6(s) + 6 O2(g) - 6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(l) Other reactions can occur in both directions (reversible) CuSO4*5H2O(s) ↔ CuSO4(s) + 5 H2O(l) H2(g) + I2(g) ↔ 2 HI(g) N2O4(g) ↔ 2 NO2(g) EQUILIBRIUM: when the forward and reverse reactions are occurring at the same rate.
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